Конфликт между поколениями в арабском сообществе

Конфликт между поколениями в арабском сообществе

Фахр Эль-Ислам, профессор медицины, FRCP, FRCPsych, академический консультант, больница Behman, Хелван, Каир, Египет

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Конфликт между поколениями – это различие в мировоззрениях между молодым и старшим поколениями. Приверженность традиции и одобрение либерального изменения варьируют от одного поколения к другому. Mead (1970) описывал изменение как «полностью новое», хотя Ness (1959) цитировал Сократа, давшего ясное описание такого конфликта еще в 500 г. до н. э.

Intergenerational Conflict (IGC) is the difference in attitudes between members of the young and older generations. Adherence to tradition and approval of liberal change vary from one generation to the next. Mead (1970) described the change as «wholly new», though Ness (1959) quoted Socrates clear description of such conflict in 500 BC.

In clinical studies in a psychiatric outpatient clinic in an Arabian Gulf community IGC marked the onset of 57 % of cases of parasuicide, 20 % of cases of neurotic disorder and 17 % of cases of schizophrenia among patients aged 15—35 years. IGC was more likely among the young who have larger age differences or larger educational gaps with their parents. IGC is generally attributed to the much greater educational, occupational and informational opportunities which have become available to younger generations with the oil wealth. The conflict, which mainly involves areas of family relationships, type of marriage and emancipation of women was more likely in females. Clinical studies prompted the construction of a scale that measures IGC from statements reported by patients and their parents in these 3 areas. The scale consists of 16 statements about family relationships, 12 statements about the type of marriage and 8 statements about emancipation of women all of which require approval/disapproval answers. The total liberal attitude score therefore ranged from 0—36 points. Item disagreement between a young person and his/her mother or father added up to a score of IGC.

The scale was used to study young people and their parents in a stratified random sample representing the population of Kuwait. Young people were pre-final high school students from the four governorates of this small oil rich country. Only unbroken biological families were included. Members of both generations also answered the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (Goldberg and Helier 1978) and a score of psychiatric symptoms was obtained. A total of 381 families were

Тезисы докладов Международной конференции по психоонкологии «Культура, мозг, тело»

studied in this community including both Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti Arabs. Female students were more liberal and had more IGC with either parent than male students, especially in the areas of marriage and emancipation of women. However, greater IGCs were not associated with more GHQ-28 symptoms. This apparent divergence from clinical studies could be explained by viewing IGC as reducing family support and reducing the family’s ability to care for distressed individuals rather than being the causative stress. Individuals with IGC have, therefore to resort to professional help (i. e. present as clinical material) instead of utilizing inbuilt family care (El-Islam, 1986).

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