Adaptive varieties and agrotechnologies of spring soft wheat for Siberia and Kazakhstan

The aim of the research was to create and evaluate varieties and promising lines of spring soft wheat for adaptability to the conditions of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan, as well as to develop the main elements of the technology for obtaining high-quality seeds under the conditions of the West Siberian Region. Field and laboratory experiments have been carried out since 1980 at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, the Novouralsky support point, Omsk State Agrarian University, the Research and Production Center for Grain Farming named after A.I. Baraev (settlement of Shortandy, Northern Kazakhstan). All analyzes, counts and observations were carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Statistical data processing was carried out following B.A. Dospekhov, calculation of parameters of ecological plasticity and stability in line with the method by S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Rassell. The use of biotechnological methods in breeding, including experimental mutagenesis, intermutant, mutant-varietal and allocytoplasmic crosses made it possible to create varieties of spring soft wheat that are adaptive to the conditions of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan, capable of forming a stable yield of high-quality grain. These are the mid-early varieties Rosinka, Katyusha, and Omskaya Yubileinaya; the mid-season varieties Rosinka 2, Svetlanka, and Melodiya; and the middle late varieties Rosinka 3, Slavyanka Sibiri, Lavrusha, Serebristaya, Voloshinka, and Omskaya zolotaya. They were included in the State Registers of Breeding Achievements of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The evaluation of varieties and breeding lines in terms of ecological plasticity and yield stability confirmed their adaptability to the conditions of cultivation of the regions, and gave the opportunity to identify the most favorable “ecological niches” for the created varieties and breeding lines. The study of the reaction of wheat to various agrotechnical methods made it possible to establish that the sowing dates from 7th to 15th May are optimal under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia; the best seeding rates range between 4.5-5 million germinable grains per hectare. The preferred forecrop for high grain yields and high quality seeds is fallow.