Agrohydrological role of the differentiated system of basic processing of meadow-chernozem soil

Experiments to study the effect of the duration of application of fine processing in a differentiated system on the formation of the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The work was carried out in 2019-2021 on experiments laid down in 2008 according to the scheme: dump treatment for annual grasses to a depth of 25-27 cm, for spring wheat - 20-22 cm (control). Differentiated treatment provided for the inclusion of shallow with a duration of 2, 4, 6 and 10 years to a depth of 10-12 cm BDT-2.5. The research was carried out in a grain with a steam-occupied crop rotation: annual grasses for haylage-wheat-wheat. The advantage of differentiated tillage with a 10-year application of shallow accumulation and preservation of productive moisture in a layer of 0-100 cm has been proved. With its content before sowing spring 193.9 mm, the difference with the reserves on the dump-treated field was 24.8 mm. A high correlation of productive moisture reserves with precipitation has been established (h = 0.948-0.999). Most rationally, spring wheat consumed moisture to create a unit of production with a duration of fine processing of 4 years - the water consumption coefficient was 80.9 mm/t and was lower than the control variant by 19.5 mm/t. According to the coefficient of determination, the largest share (69.6-69.9%) of productive moisture in the formation of spring wheat yield during a 4-year cycle of using minimal processing. The regularity of the increase in the yield of spring wheat with an increase in the period of fine processing from 2 to 6 years has been established. The cheapest grain is 8649 rubles/ton with a profitability of its production of 73.4% obtained with minimal processing with a six-year cycle.