Agro-ecological efficiency of different mineral fertilizers dozes while cultivating cereals in Middle Volga region

The results of long-term studies (1969-2016) on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the quality of winter and spring wheat, millet, barley and oats in different hydrothermal conditions are presented. Of the 20 variants of the use of different fertilizer systems in the experiment, the content of protein, crude gluten and IDK was analyzed on the most effective options for the cultivation of grain crops. In the years of research-20 years were wet (41.6 %), 20 years of medium dry (41.6 %) and 8 years of acute dry (16.8 %). According to the results of grain-fallow and grain crop rotation in the zone of southern chernozems in the Volga region - established a strong dependence of the quality of the grain with the moisture conditions of the growing season and nitrogen fertilizer. The increase of protein content in millet grain depended on nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, in other studied crops - on nitrogen fertilizers. When cultivating winter wheat, the best grain quality indicators were revealed for pure steam. Compared to the employed, the protein content increased by 1.1-1.9 %, crude gluten - 2.0-3.4 %. High efficiency dose N60P40 persisted in the cultivation of winter wheat, as a clean and busy couple. The amount of protein in the grain of winter wheat, cultivated in pure pairs, increased with the introduction of N60 P40 both wet and dry years by 1.3-1.9%, respectively. The introduction of the high-draught years, the N60-80 provided in the spring wheat grain protein content of 15.8 and 16.7%, in wet years for these options, the contents of the index had fallen 2.3% to 3.8% to 12.9 13.5 percent. The use of mineral fertilizers in average over the years of research increased the content of crude gluten in the grain of spring wheat 1,1-1,3% compared to the control. In acute arid years, when making N60 protein content in barley grain was 15.7%, which is 2.4% higher than the control value. Increasing the dose of nitrogen and adding phosphorus to it did not affect the protein content of the grain. In wet years for the formation of high-quality barley grain, the dose of nitrogen is recommended to be reduced to N40. Mineral fertilizers to a greater extent than the conditions of humidification of the vegetation period, influenced the protein content in oat grain, increasing its content on average by experience 1.5-1.6% to control. The introduction of N60P40 in all years of research increased the protein content in millet grain by 1.8% in acutely arid and 3.0% in moisture.