Agroecological role of the chernozemic land classification by the assessment of their degradation changings

The price of the agro-landscape stability includes the costs for maintaining productive and ecological functions, including environmental protection. Field and laboratory studies of the composition and properties of the typical chernozem were made to create a soil passport of the territory of Ltd "Selskie Zory" of the Timsky district of the Kursk region. The results of the study showed a low degree of erosion of the typical chernozem, a decrease in humus content by 5-15% from its content in noneroded soil (5.89%), an increase in density to 1.27-1.29 g/cm2, a decrease in the thickness of the humus horizon under the conditions of the land use. The soil profile form of the chernozem is typical: PU - AU - AU (Ca) - BCA - C (Ca) (designation of soil horizons according to the FAO-UNESCO system). The investigations established a regular change in the value of exchangible acidity in the plowed horizon of the soil under conditions of its degradation transformations. It is shown that when the degree of soil washing increases, the increase of the soil reaction is observed from normal to neutral from pH 5.61 to pH 6.60. That is, gradual alkalinization of the soil is noted. The studies have established that the development of degradation changes in the soil leads to a regular changings in the concentration of heavy metals. The change in the fertility of chernozem soils as a result of anthropogenic impact leads not only to the decrease in the environmental sustainability of the soil, and as a consequence, to the decrease in yields, but also causes significant economic damage, significant costs for the reproduction of lost fertility and the receipt of the planned harvest.