Agroecological aspects of formation of agrocenosis of non-traditional oil-crops

At present, the introduction of nontraditional oilseeds cultures of the family Brassicaceae: Camelina of winter (Camelina silvestris sp. Pilosa Z.) and Crambe Abyssinica (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.), which provide high productivity in a variety of agro-climatic conditions, is of great importance. The purpose of our research was to study the yielding properties of the Crambe and the Camelina in the contrasting conditions of the steppe Crimea and the Middle Volga region. The Crambe Abyssinica and of winter Camelina are maturing crops with a short vegetation period. The vegetation period of the Crambe in our studies was 84-98 days. At the same time, in the conditions of the temperate climate of the Crimea, the duration of the vegetation period of the Crambe was 84 days, which is 14 days less than in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. The period from seedling to ripeness of the Camelina of winter in the conditions of the lower air temperature of the Middle Volga region is 302 days, with 251 days in the conditions of the Crimea. Camelina and Crambe are stable and plastic cultures (bi = 0.92-0.99; σdr2 = 0.07-0.08) and (bi = 0.96-0.98; σdr2 = 0.07-0.09), which are capable of forming a high and high quality crop in different conditions of the cultivation region. Their productivity in contrasting conditions varied on average from 1.68 to 1.73 t / ha in the Camelina and from 2.16 to 2.36 t / ha at the Crambe. The oil content of the Camelina in the Crimea reached 42.7%, whereas in the conditions of the Penza NIISH, the fat content in the seeds decreased by 2.6%. The oil content in the seeds of Crambe a the high-value reached 38.2% in Penza conditions, which exceeded the figure in the Crimea by 2.8%. The content of linoleic, linolenic and eicosenic acids was greatest in the conditions of the Penza region, which exceeded their content in the Crimea by 1.2; 1.8 and 0.4-0.9%. The content of oleic acid was the highest in the Crimea and amounted to 15.4 and 17.3%. The erucic acid with increasing temperature regime decreased: in the Camelina from 2.9 to 2.8% and in the Crambe from 58.9% to 58.1%. The Camelina and Krambe are promising crops for cultivation in these regions.