Agrotechnology of winter rye on clean fallow in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The high competitiveness of winter rye compared to spring wheat in northern agriculture due to winter hardiness, good suppression of weeds, and resistance to lack of moisture in certain periods make it possible to occupy fairly large areas of crops. The purpose of the research is to improve the agrotechnology for the cultivation of winter rye on clean fallow based on minimizing tillage and the use of chemicals that increase the productivity of the crop. The studies were carried out in a stationary two-factor experiment of the department of agriculture and fodder production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture. Sowing of winter rye was carried out with the SKP-2.1 seeder with additional rolling with a ring-spur roller. Due to better moisture retention during the fallowing period, the advantage in complex chemicalization was the minimum treatment option, where moisture in the meter layer accumulated on average more than 13.9-17.8 mm (9.6-12.2%). The provision of the culture with nitrate nitrogen is, as a rule, very high in all variants of the experiment (22-25 mg/kg N-NO3 in a soil layer of 0-40 cm). With the systematic application of phosphate fertilizers, its content in the soil increased to a high level (on average 19 mg). Therefore, the nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition of winter rye was balanced here. In the control the proportion of weeds in the agrophytocenosis ranged from 7.4% in the plowing variant to 10.4% in the minimum one. Against the background with the use of herbicides, the mass of weeds decreased to 0.3-1.8% of the mass of agrophytocenosis. The use of herbicides ensured a significant increase in grain on average - 0.26 t/ha (7.5%). Phosphorus fertilizers increased the crop by 0.25 t/ha (6.7%), and nitrogen feeding in spring - by 0.45 t/ha (10.8%). During the research period, the use of chemical agents in the complex increased the grain harvest by 1.34 t/ha (38.6%), in comparison with the control. Options for processing the fallow field against the background of complex chemicalization did not significantly affect the yield of winter rye grain. The timely harvested crop grain corresponded to the 1-2 class in terms of the number of falls, regardless of the intensification option.