The Relevance of Traditional Technologies in the Professional Training of Architects in a Technical University

The training for the profession of an architect or engineer-architect includes in the program of professional education at the propaeutic level, disciplines that inherit the experience of Bauhaus and VKhutemas institutions of the 1920s. Analytical methodology for studying patterns of composition in these schools is based on the prospect of adaptation to changing conditions of socio-cultural and historical development. As part of studying foreign and domestic experience in training architects at a technical university, the features of training of students in architecture are considered, including those from famous Russian and foreign institutions. The paper presents a study of the specifics of architectural and artistic training of an architect at a technical and architectural university, using private methods of architectural design. The objectives of this study are to compare architectural and artistic education in Russian and foreign technical universities; to describe the training method used by UrFU; to justify the relevance and significance of private methods for the educational process in training architects at technical universities. The study is focused on the process of architectural training at a technical university; subject of the research is the justification of the importance of using architectural graphics and modeling techniques as the main teaching tools in architectural education. The process of educational architectural design follows certain techniques and methods. This ensures in architectural and design education activities, both reproductive and productive, the mastery of the following private methods of architectural design by students: graphic, modelling. Research materials present an analysis of the architectural and artistic components in foreign universities and technical universities in our country. Architectural graphics and modeling in these universities are one of the most important pedagogical techniques for developing students' design skills. These techniques allow them to comprehend the patterns of connection between architectural form and engineering design and form an understanding of the tectonic essence of building materials work. The conducted review showed that, when performing graphic and modelling exercises on architectural composition in the 1st–3rd year (frontal, volume, depth-space), familiarization with the methods and tools for forming a composition, creation of plasticity, mastery of the methods for creating volume compositions and their placement in space, as well as mastery of methods and means for organizing open and enclosed spaces using volume and frontal relief elements. This allows for more complex projects at the next stage, such as solving the volume-spatial composition of an ensemble embedded in the environment and forming the planning structure of buildings. The results of the study confirm that the technology of modeling and architectural graphics, which is a component of both artistic and creative and architectural and construction professional components, remains the most intense and most analytical, visual and objective in teaching students in propaedeutic courses (1–3), in the direction of "Architecture", both in art and, most importantly, in a technical university.