Current problems of beekeeping state management in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Beekeeping should be considered as one of the most important branches of agriculture. This industry performs the functions of producing valuable food products, ensuring the pollination of crops and solving problems in the field of employment in rural areas. The formation of an effective system of state management of beekeeping requires legal support, the organization of authorities and other institutions for the implementation of projects in this area. One of the directions of state management of beekeeping should be considered state support for beekeepers engaged in purebred breeding of bee colonies. In most regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan, bees are bred - hybrids of several generations. Every year, the cross-breeding of dark forest bee populations with southern breeds is intensified. The degeneration of aboriginal bee populations is becoming widespread. In addition, the natural restoration of the gene pool in most of the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is possible only in specialized specially protected natural areas in the south and some northern regions of the region. Crossbreeds of local bees with the breeds of the southern regions are unproductive, not winterardy, which means that they increase the crisis tendencies in this industry. One of the reasons for such hybridization is the low price of imported bee material. Several republican programs operate in the region, the tasks of which are to preserve the genotype of the Bashkir bee population, as well as to increase the volume of honey production. According to the authors of the paper, the support of beekeepers for purebred breeding of dark forest bees requires new mechanisms and the provision of competitive advantages in the market.