Topical Issues of Conflict-of-Laws Rules’ Use within the Legal Regulation on Cross-Border Contractual Relations

The article examines the topical issues of conflict-of-law rules’ use within the legal regulation of cross-border contractual relations. Purpose: to analyse the theoretical structure of conflict-of-law rules, the multiplicity and competition of connecting factors, the problem of renvoi, interpretive inconsistencies, and the limitations posed by overriding mandatory provisions and public policy exceptions; to highlighting the difficulties arising in multilateral and digital contractual arrangements, including smart contracts and decentralised platforms, which undermine traditional concepts of localisation and jurisdiction. Results: the research allowed concluding that classical models of conflict regulation require revision in light of technological developments and the normative fragmentation of private international law. The article proposes a conceptual transition from territorially-based connecting factors to functionally adaptive mechanisms suitable for the digital legal environment.