Alleles of blood groups with high and low concentration by the cows of black-and-white Holstein breed in the Orel region

Selection of the main species of farm animals is usually carried out on quantitative grounds, the inheritance of which is extremely difficult, and their development is due to many genes and depends on both environmental factors and the interaction of genotypes. Blood groups of cattle bred in different ecological zones are characterized by a certain frequency of alleles and their frequency of occurrence in genotypes (dynamics). In this regard, we studied alleles of blood groups with high and rare concentrations in the population of black-and-white Holstein cattle of the Orel region. The number of cows in 3 herds was studied: (Michurin - 15 goals, CC «Slavyanskoe» Verhovsk district - 9 goals, LLC «Yupiter» Bolkhov district - 80 goals, n = 104). As a result of the analysis of the received data on the basis of farms of the Orel region, it was established that from 26,67% of all the animals are carriers of the A1, G2, Y2, W, C1, H', FF antigens. Their concentration ranged from 26,67% to 44,44%, from 47,5% to 66,67, from 41,25% to 46,67%, from 46,25% to 66,67%,from 40% to 44,44%, from 33,33% to 86,25% and from 82,5% to 86,67%. In the studied herds, certain alleles are revealed, which can be genetic markers of the milk productivity of cows. The presence of these alleles in the Orel population of dairy cattle is the result of a long selection process.