Analysis of factors inducing the transition to the generative phase of development in the Brassicaceae family (review)

Relevance. In the global crop production, white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops. One of the priorities of domestic cabbage crop breeding is the creation of highly productive hybrids. The most time-consuming and lengthy stage in this process is the creation of constant parent lines. The purpose of this review was a systematic analysis of scientific publications devoted to the process of transition from the vegetative to the generative phase of development in representatives of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae). Results. In traditional breeding, inbred lines of white cabbage are obtained through forced self-pollination for 6-12 generations. The use of the biotechnological method of culture of isolated microspores in vitro ensures the achievement of complete homozygosity of the genome during one generative cycle and contributes to the expansion of the spectrum of formation of genetic recombinant forms, including those with recessive traits. Also, in combination with the technology of obtaining doubled haploids and genomic approaches such as marker breeding, genomic selection and genome editing, "Speed Breeding" allows to increase the efficiency of breeding by reducing the breeding cycle time, providing early phenotypic assessment, efficient use of resources, increasing the accuracy of selection and genetic progress. Despite the advantages of biotechnological methods, the use of double haploid (DH) lines is associated with a number of practical difficulties, in particular, concerning the reproduction of the obtained plants. An additional problem is the lack of flowering in some DH plants after undergoing vernalization, which may be due to a number of reasons: unsuitable vernalization conditions for specific lines. There are also plants with normal vegetative development, which, nevertheless, do not set seeds. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted review of world and domestic practice, important stages of vernalization have been studied: temperature, duration, lighting, and stages of plant development. This knowledge will make it possible to increase the percentage of plants passing into the reproductive stage of development.