Analysis of the geopolitical and geoeconomic significance of the “Transit Mongolia” initiative for the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the geopolitical and geoeconomic aspects of the Transit Mongolia initiative as a key factor in spatial development of Eurasia, focusing on its strategic value for Russia. We have identified its political advantages (strengthening position of the Russian Federation in Central Asia, diversification of transport routes under sanctions) and geoeconomic benefits (unloading the Trans-Siberian Railway/BAM, development of the eastern regions, access to Chinese markets). The article systematized key challenges, such as Mongolia’s infrastructure limitations, its financial dependence on China, competition between alternative corridors. We have proposed specific recommendations for the Russian Federation: priority investment in the modernization of Trans-Mongolian Route, use of EAEU instruments, and development of joint projects. We have made a conclusion about the critical role of the project in the development of sustainable Eurasian logistics chains and reduction of transit risks for the Russian Federation.