The analysis of the component composition of avenins cultivated species of oats (Avena L.)

Storage seed proteins of oat - avenins successfully used as biochemical markers for identification samples of collections, varieties, biotypes, lines, and also for registration of genetic resources and determining the genetic diversity of species. The researches for the purpose of characterize the component composition of avenin cultivated species of oats different groups of ploidy - Avena strigosa Schreb. (2n = 14), Avena abyssinica Hochst. (4n = 28), Avena sativa L. (6n = 42), Avena byzantina C. Koch. (6n = 42) were conducted in 2013-2015 in Tyumen region. It is established that different species of oats differ in the number of protein components in the electrophoretic spectra of the samples. The smallest average number of protein fractions was found in the spectra of bristle oat - 4.2 ± 0.32. In the spectra of samples of Ethiopian oat, this indicator was 4.6 ± 0.47, red oat - 8.2 ± 0.13, and common oat - 8.5 ± 0.05. The total number of different components of avenin identified in the analysis of electrophoretic spectra of samples studied species was 173. Of this, 65.8 % were found in the spectra of samples of only one species, which indicates the species-specificity of these components. Selected 12 components of avenin, found in the spectra of samples of three different species and, possibly, marking the genome A. The species studied differed in the total number of protein components found in the spectra of the samples. As a result of the analysis of samples of bristle oat, selected 24 different components of avenin, including 4 species-specific. In the spectra of samples collection A. abyssinica found only 7 protein components, which indicates its low genetic diversity. In the spectra of samples A. byzantina 59 protein components were detected, of A. sativa - 160, 63.1 % of which were species-specific. Thus, the common and red oats were characterized by the greatest prolamin polymorphism, which is a consequence of the high level of genetic variability of these species.