Analysis of medical and demographic processes in districts with different degrees of anthropogenic load on the environment

Under modern conditions, people adapt not so much to natural conditions as to negative factors created by themselves. The level of environmentally conditioned population morbidity can be considered as an objective indicator of the total environmental pollution. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of medical and demographic parameters in the districts, the territories of which are characterized by different degrees of anthropogenic pressure on the environment. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the environmental situation in the Ulyanovsk region was carried out on the basis of our own sample tests of atmospheric air, drinking water from the water supply network, and soils of various residential districts. The coefficient of anthropogenic load on the environment was calculated for each municipal district. Medical and demographic statistics (from 1999 to 2023) of three age population groups were used: adults, adolescents, and children. Data processing results that differ from the normal distribution were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. The analysis of medical and demographic processes showed that the level of general and infant mortality since 1999 to 2023 was higher in Cherdaklinsky and Sengileevsky districts. Differences in the incidence rates in children were revealed for endocrine diseases, genitourinary disorders, musculoskeletal system diseases, respiratory diseases, hematopoietic disorders, congenital malformations, and malignant neoplasms. Differences in the incidence rates of adolescents were revealed for endocrine diseases, genitourinary disorders, musculoskeletal system diseases, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and malignant neoplasms. In adults, differences were revealed for circulatory system diseases, nervous system diseases, endocrine diseases, genitourinary disorders, digestive disorders, hematopoietic disorders, and malignant neoplasms. Disease incidence of three age groups is higher in districts with a high anthropogenic load on the environment. Conclusion. The conducted studies show the need to develop environmental and health management programs for population living in areas with high anthropogenic load on the environment.