Analysis of the influence of meteorological conditions on yield and elements of productivity of winter rye in the conditions of Middle Volga region

To determine the impact of meteorological factors on the grain yield and the elements of winter rye productivity, varieties and populations sown in the nursery of competitive variety testing were used. The research was conducted on the basis of Samara research Institute from 1987 to 2017. Meteorological conditions during the years of research were characterized by high contrast. The most favorable for the growth and development of plants were 1990, 1997, 2003, 2004, 2017. The most unfavorable for moisture were 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2016 years. The average grain yield for the study years was 40.6 t/ha, with fluctuations on year from 11.6 to 59,6 kg/ha. the Mass of 1000 grains were at the level of 30.0 g, number of grains per spike - 48,5 PCs., grain weight spike - 1.62 g, the density of productive stalks - article 346/m2 and plant height - to 119.7 see the Greatest coefficient of variation was observed in grain weight of ear, weight of 1000 grains and the density of productive stalks (18,3 - 30,0 %). Correlation analysis showed that the grain yield is affected by the following features: weight of 1000 grains (r=0.69), grain weight per ear (r=0.74), density of productive stem (r=0.54) and plant height (r=0.57). It was found that weather conditions significantly influenced the date of onset and duration of phenological phases of winter rye development. During the resumption of vegetation - flowering, the average correlation between the grain yield and precipitation during the period and the hydrothermal coefficient (r=0.470 and r=0.370, respectively) was noted. Precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient (r=0,340-0,560) also influenced the formation of the mass of 1000 grains and the mass of grain from the ear. During flowering - full ripeness the greatest negative impact on the formation of the mass of 1000 grains has a temperature regime (r=-0,52). The hydrothermal coefficient is positively correlated with the number of grains in the ear (r=0.42).