Antihypoxic and energy stimulating effects of cobalt glycinate during embryogenesis of quails (Coturnix japonica)

Hypoxic manifestations, including those associated with certain periods of bird embryogenesis, lead to slowdown in development, and in severe cases, to multifaceted morphological and functional disorders in embryos. Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of biostimulants with pronounced antioxidant properties, which can neutralize negative effects of hypoxia and provide conditions for a faster transition to aerobic glycolysis. These biostimulants include cobalt glycinate, synthesized at Scriabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology. The choice of the biostimulant components was due to the properties of each component separately and their hypothetical complementary effect. In the present work, it was found for the first time that cobalt glycinate has an antihypoxic effect and stimulates energy metabolism in quail embryos and 1-day-old quails. The purpose of the work is to investigate the effect of cobalt glycinate on energy metabolism and to provide a background for correction of adverse effects of hypoxia that occur during embryogenesis in quails under incubation. The experiment was carried out on hatching eggs from Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ) of the same age (Shepilovskaya Poultry Farm, Moscow Province, 2020). The eggs were sorted in two batches (experimental and control, 220 eggs each). The experimental eggs were sprayed once with 0.05 % cobalt glycinate solution (an aerosol dispenser HURRICANE 2792, Curtis Dyna-Fog, USA). The control batch was not treated. The eggs were incubated in IUV-F-15-31 type incubators (Energomera, Russia; the temperature range from 38.1 to 36.8 °С, a 10-15 mm ventilation flaps’ opening). Key categories of incubation waste, hatchability rate of eggs, hatching, live weight of 1-day-old juveniles, body temperature, and the quality as per Pasgar and Optistart scaled criteria were assessed. Blood of 1-day-old juveniles was sampled by decapitation. Blood antioxidant activity (AOA), the content of lipid peroxidation products were measured using a Beckman DU-7 spectrophotometer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., USA). Concentrations of total blood proteins, lipids, glucose were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer DIRUI CS-600B (Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd., China). The content of lactate and pyroracemic acid was analyzed by tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry (an Agilent 6410 Triple chromatograph, Agilent Technologies Inc., USA). The ATP content was determined by bioluminescent method (a luminometer and reagents from Lumtek, Russia), pH by direct potentiometry (an E-Lyte 5 blood electrolyte analyzer, High Technology Inc., USA). In the test group, the number of the main incubation wastes (blood rings and died-in-shell birds) was 1.82 and 2.28 times less, respectively, than in the control group, while the hatching rate increased by 8.64 % (p function show_eabstract() { $('#eabstract1').hide(); $('#eabstract2').show(); $('#eabstract_expand').hide(); }