Anthropogenic transformation of permafrost conditions of the European North of Russia and their consequences

The anthropogenic changes of permafrost conditions in the key areas of the European North of Russia − village Koida (Mezenskaya tundra), village Nes (Kanin peninsula), village Shoina (Kanin peninsula), Mezen city, Vashutkini lakes (Bol'shezemel'skaya tundra), Amderma (Yugorsky peninsula), the northern part of the island Vaigach. Geocryological characteristics of sites and the main types of anthropogenic changes in permafrost conditions describe