Archaeological monuments of nomads of Central Asia in Eastern Europe in XIII-XIV centuries

The problem of selection of archaeological monuments of the Mongols during the Mongol conquest of Eastern Europe and the Golden Horde has long attracted the attention of researchers of history and culture of medieval nomads. Many modern archaeologists share the view, expressed in his time G.A. Fedorovym-Davydov, according to which it is the tribes who came from Central Asia, are left in the steppes of Eastern Europe dumping committed under the stone structures. However, the ethnic interpretation of such sites hampered by the fact that in the east of the Great Belt steppes of Eurasia has not yet been identified archaeological features of the Mongols to the beginning of their conquests. The article considers the dynamics of the spread of "stone barrows" in the steppes of Eastern Europe since the end of IX to XIV centuries. They are encountered among Pecheneg and Oguz monuments (5%), and among the Kipchak / Polovtsian (10%). But only in the form of individual graves, sporadically scattered across the steppe. Talk about that the nomads who left these monuments, played a notable part in the ethnic map of the steppes of Eastern Europe before the Mongol invasion is not possible. The situation is different in the XIII-XIV centuries. On the territory of the Golden Horde "stone barrows" make up almost 20% of the total number of burials of nomads, and they form two local groups: the steppe of Southern Urals and the Don River basin. These data agree well with the data of the written sources on participation in Mongol conquests tribes, genetically related to with the Central Asian nomads - Naiman, Qarluqs, Kushchi, Buyraks. They were ethnic core the Ulus of Shiban - Batu Khan's younger brother.