Aspects of studying sacred architecture in pre-dynastic and early dynastic Egypt

Sacred architecture symbolizes the center of the consecrated cultural space, the order, which is opposed by chaos, pushing its boundaries farther and farther from the organized space. Sacred architecture is the most important value of society, as the model of the universe, the world in its entirety in the mythopoetic consciousness of the ancient Egyptians, starting from the Neolithic era with a sedentary lifestyle, a productive economy - agriculture and cattle breeding, the development of various crafts, including the construction of sacred objects that were dedicated to gods and kings. The emergence of monumental architecture is the most important sign of the creation of the state. Being a sphere of fine arts, architecture is endowed with a cosmogonic aspect, mythological and religious content, which is interpreted on the basis of an analysis of a number of details and compositions as a whole. The subject of the article is the royal necropolis of the 1st dynasty in Saqqara near the capital of Memphis, palaces and the royal name of god Horus, written in the sign serekh, since they are united by the presence of niching walls (palace- façade). At the same time, the article deals with the problem of reflection in the design of the royal tombs in Saqqara of the most ancient mythological ideas about the first times of the creation off the universe.