Aspects of clonal micropropagation and conservation of plants in vitro

Despite more than a century of research on effective biotechnological methods to reproduce various plant species, microclonal reproduction continues to be an important tool for large-scale production. The clonal seedlings of important species maintain genetic fidelity and do not contain pests. In some cases, microclonal propagation is the only method that contributes to the maintenance and economic value of specific agricultural plant species. Microclonal reproduction as a method has solved many phytosanitary problems and has allowed both expansion and access to high-quality plants for producers from different countries and economic conditions, thus effectively contributing to the expansion of agriculture now and in the foreseeable future. Currently, this method is widely used in the creation of planting material for crops for agriculture and cultivation of crops of industrial floriculture, fruit, berry crops and woody plants. Thanks to this method, it is possible to create in vitro banks of rare and valuable plant genotypes. Modern technologies of clonal micro-multiplication are at the stage of industrial flow, which quickly responds to market demands. The analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific research on microclonal plant propagation has shown that, at the present time, the cost of its use is quite high and requires the presence of laboratories with appropriate equipment and highly qualified staff. Modification and adaptation of the method of microclonal reproduction of plants contributes to the implementation of the morphogenetic potential, determines the specific features of the source material, the type of explant, its physiological state, the composition of nutrient media, and cultivation conditions. At the same time, the cultivation of healthy plants will significantly increase the yield of valuable agricultural products and high adaptive properties of healthy plants that allow them to be cultivated with less chemicals, which will significantly increase their nutritional value and give a greater opportunity to obtain organic products with high-quality characteristics.