Autonomous power supply systems based on renewable energy sources for rural facilities

At present, the system of centralized power supply is quite well developed in Russia. At the same time, there are many rural areas located in the zone of decentralized power supply. These include small peasant farms and farming enterprises engaged in livestock breeding and or with agricultural production. The article analyzes options for efficient autonomous power supply for rural facilities using renewable energy sources (RES). There have been noted the features of power supply for small agricultural facilities, proving the prospects for the use of renewable energy sources for these purposes. The analysis of energy consumers for small agricultural facilities shows that along with alternating current installations, there are consumers for small enterprises whose operation is also possible on direct current. Taking into account the cost of an autonomous power supply system based on a wind generator, it was found that the optimal operating speed for the territory of the Rostov region is a wind speed of 5 to 7 m/s. It is noted that fuel power plants have a high reliability for autonomous power supply, but at the same time they have a negative impact on the environment, using hydrocarbon fuel and having low efficiency at low load. At low consumer loads, it is more efficient to use electrochemical batteries that will be charged from wind power plants or photovoltaic stations. The article also provides a block diagram of a combined autonomous power supply system based on photovoltaic converters, a fuel power plant and an electrochemical storage battery. In addition, emergency power supply, for example, power supply for milking installations at summer milking grounds, can also be attributed to the effective use of renewable energy sources.