Dark gray forest soils biological activity and barley yields depending on different tillage systems

The purpose of research is to analyze the long-term influence of various systems of the main processing of dark gray forest soil on its biological activity, determined by the degree of intensity of decomposition by cellulose-destroying microorganisms of flax linen, and the yield of barley. The results of studies on the effect of basic tillage systems on the biological activity of dark gray forest soil in a grain-fallow crop rotation in barley crops, a crop that completes a crop rotation against two backgrounds of mineral nutrition, are presented. The experiment was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Region during the 7th rotation 2018-2022. The growing seasons during the years of field research (2018, 2019, 2022) were generally favorable for the growth and development of agricultural plants (HTC = 104-130 % of the long-term average), 2020 and 2021. were characterized by aridity (HTC = 32-69 % of the norm). During the observation period, it was found that the combined and differentiated tillage systems with periodic wrapping of the topsoil ensured the degree of decomposition of linen by 15.1-20.2 % higher than the moldboard tillage system, but this did not contribute to an increase in barley yield. The use of fertilizers reduced the degree of decomposition of linen in the initial growing season (60 days) by 15.3-18.8 %, with an increase in the duration of the growing season, this dependence weakened to 6.1-17.5. Long-term cultivation of barley without the use of fertilizers reduced its yield in comparison with the fertilized background by 1.0-1.4 t/ha (by 51.5-98.6 %). Against the background without fertilizers, the highest yield was for the moldboard tillage system - 0.18-0.52 t/ha (9.2-26.8 %) higher than for resourcesaving systems. Resource-saving tillage systems with loosening to a depth of 20-22 cm with the use of fertilizers contributed to the formation of the crop at the level of the moldboard tillage system, the tillage systems with a greater degree of minimization somewhat (by 6.1-8.5 %) reduced its yield.