Biologization of the agricultural crops protection systems against diseases

The article is devoted to the generalization of the results of the scientific research of the Russian scientists on the introduction of biofungicides into the system of protection of various crops against a wide range of pathogens in different natural and climatic zones of the Russian Federation. In the recent decades, the problem of using chemical means of plant protection in agriculture has aggravated due to their negative effect on the environment and the resulting products. Intensive use of chemicals against diseases and pests, as well as use of mineral fertilizers in agricultural production lead to a violation of the balance between beneficial and harmful entomofauna, contributes to the development of phytophag and phytopathogen resistance to pesticides, which leads to an undesirable increase in pesticide consumption rates. Traditional crop protection schemes include a wide range of chemicals: fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, mineral fertilizers. Thus, the relevance of biological plant protection based on the ability of microbes - antagonists (actinomycetes, fungi, bacteria) to introduce biologically active substances into the environment, including antibiotics that suppress pathogens and have phytoregulatory activity is increasing. There is a growing interest in "organic farming", a kind of restoration of natural biocenoses, arrangement of all microorganisms in their niches. Biological preparations developed on the basis of bacteria and products of their metabolism are also registered in Russia, but the scale of their application is still very limited. Scientists have a great interest in testing new microbiofungicides as well as in developing regulations for their use in plant protection system, which requires a comprehensive study.