Theology of Gender: Traditional Concepts and Contemporary Challenges

The article presents analysis of current approaches to the issue of gender differences and equality within the Christian theological tradition. Both historical and contemporary theological approaches are studied, focusing on their development and influence on modern theological discussions. Being at the intersection of philosophy, religion and conflict studies, the topic under consideration includes not only theological but also socio-ethical aspects. The discussion of gender issues is a delicate and complex topic in the framework of the Orthodox theological tradition, emphasizing the ontological distinction and equality of man and woman before God, as it is reflected in the doctrine of a human created in the image of God. However, there is a consistent emphasis on the hierarchy and order established by God, in which male and female natures play complementary but unequal roles. The study is largely aimed at reinterpreting these roles, drawing on both historical experience and contemporary trends in theology. The evolution of views on the roles of man and woman is presented, starting from antiquity, which significantly influenced the formation of early Christian anthropology, and further to modern feminist approaches that seek to revise traditional ideas. Special attention is given to the aspects that remain controversial and continue to provoke intensive theological debates. The article seeks not only to deepen the understanding of this important topic but also to encourage further research aimed at rethinking and developing Christian anthropology in the context of gender equality issues.