Digital technologies for monitoring the vegetation of agricultural crops in the agro-industrial complex

The article considers the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the cultivation of crops. The solution of an engineering problem to ensure monitoring of the vegetation process of a crop is described. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of the development of the cultivated crop by determining the normalized vegetation index NDVI using a camera and a UAV. The main parameters for monitoring the growing season of agriculture are indicated. The process of determining the vegetation index NDVI is described. The factors influencing the process of determining the plant index are given. The software necessary for assessing the dynamics of the development of agriculture is given. The types of software for processing the received images from the UAV are indicated. The terms and vegetation period of the study are indicated. As a cultivated crop, an adaptive, drought-resistant variety of spring soft wheat Omskaya 36 was chosen, the growing season of which is 75-86 days in Western Siberia. The results of the evaluation of the vegetation index are described, which testify to the quality of the developed methodology for monitoring the cultivated crop by determining NDVI. A graphical interpretation of the dependence of the NDVI index (fig. 4) for each month of the growing season is given. The relationship between yield and high indices of vegetation index has been established. A type of discrete scale for assessing the NDVI of agriculture is presented. The most intensive period of development of the cultivated crop was determined, which, according to the NDVI scale, reaches 4.3 points. As a result, a methodology was obtained for assessing the NDVI of an agricultural crop, a discrete scale of the vegetation index, which is calibrated according to the type of a crop. Monitoring the growing season of agriculture allows to take timely measures to eliminate pests and protect crops.