COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: pathogenetic features and practical aspects of diagnosis and treatment (review)

Violation of hemocoagulation is an important factor that complicates the course of a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) and largely determines the prognosis and outcome of the disease. Correction of rheological and hemo-static disorders in SARS-CoV-2 is one of the key aspects of pathogenetic therapy, which is necessary in the practice of patient management. Purpose: analyzed the data of the current literature on various aspects of thrombotic complications in SARS-CoV-2: the frequency of their development, the features of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and approaches to the treatment of COVID-19-associated. 42 literary sources were analyzed using databases and information resources with open access: PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, eLibrary; the depth of search for literary sources was 5 years. A significant increase in the concentration of D-dimer in patients with SARS-CoV-2 was established, which can serve as a predictor of death. A distinctive feature of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is the so-called "thromboinflammation", which underlies the damage to organs and systems in a new coronavirus infection. The most significant markers of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy are the levels of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and blood fibrinogen. Prevention of thromboembolic complications is indicated in all hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. For the correction of hemocoagulation disorders, the drugs of choice are low-molecular-weight heparins. The tactics of primary prevention of thromboembolic complications in hospitalized and outpatient patients require further study.