The All-Union Arctic Research Institute activities during the evacuation period in Krasnoyarsk (1941-1944): folding regional research in the Yenisei North and the Arctic

The development of the northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Region during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) was intensive. Regular navigation in the northern seas made it possible to conduct ships of the northern convoys and provide communication between the warring territories of the country and the Siberian rear. Scientific research led to the formation of knowledge about the North. The purpose of the study is to show the importance of the scientific activities of the Arctic Research Institute (ARI) during the evacuation to Krasnoyarsk for the development of the Yenisei North and the Arctic. Historical-comparative and historical-typological methods made it possible to analyze, compare and typify all empirical material. The paper shows the main activities and working conditions of the institute, traced the stages of evacuation and re-evacuation. The use of archival materials from the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg and the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Region, scientific works of the Institute staff made it possible to characterize scientific research in the polar regions, trace the transition from expeditionary work to research work, highlight the key figures of researchers who played a significant role in development of northern areas. The main achievements in the field of ice reconnaissance and forecasting, geographical and meteorological study of the northern territories are named, and the significance of these studies for the formation of a regional school is assessed. According to the authors, the activities of the Arctic Research Institute were innovative in nature and had a significant impact on the formation of scientific vectors of research in the post-war period, they made it possible to accumulate factual material for the physical characteristics of this area of the globe, as well as the further development of the Earth sciences, which served as a springboard for the development of these territories in Soviet times.