The effect of nitrogen foliar application on the yield of spring soft wheat

The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen foliar fertilization of spring wheat plants on the meadow-chernozem soil of the south of Western Siberia. Spring wheat of the Element 22 variety was cultivated on meadow-chernozem heavy loamy soil. The content of N-NO3 in the soil layer of 0-40 cm is low, in the soil layer of 0-20 cm the content of mobile P2O5 and K2O is respectively increased and very high (according to the Chirikov method). The pre-sowing application of N128P95 contributed to an increase in grain yield from 3.52 to 4.55 t/ha. Foliar application of N30 and N10 + N30 positively affected the increase in grain yield: on a zero background, respectively, 0.31 and 0.38 t/ha (control - 3.52 t/ha); against the background of N128P95 - 0.16 and 0.15 t/ha (on the background of 4.40 t/ha). The relative increase in the yield of spring wheat from foliar fertilization against the background of N128P95 is lower than in conditions of insufficient level of available nutrients in meadow-chernozem soil. Apparently, this is due to the fact that with a smaller lack of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, the need and agronomic efficiency of fertilizers is less. The productive tilling capacity in the best variants in accordance with the yield was 2.43; in the control it was below 2.00. The largest mass of 1000 grains was formed against the background of N128P95 with top dressing in the main phases of development, which is a factor of good yield in these variants (from 36.8 in the control to 37.6-38.4 grams). The ratio of nutrients used from the soil is: N - 95%, P2O5 - 12%, K2O - 15%. The indicator of the current nitrification value, specific for the Element 22 variety, is 125 kg/ha. The consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by plants to create 1 ton of grain was 44, 12 and 30 kg, respectively.