The decompensatory (minus) model of suicidal behavior. Part I. Plus / minus models of suicidogenesis, the main issue of suicidology

The problem of suicide is the most serious and still unresolved challenge to all of the humanity. The most important issue is the need to understand the mechanisms of suicidogenesis, as this is the key to solving the existing problem. To date, most of the likely candidates for the role of prosuicidal (plus-) factors have been studied, which together can not only increase the hypothetical risk of suicide, but also, with some degree of probability, be its cause. However, the paradox of the positive concepts of suicidogenesis, which postulate the role of suicidal events and circumstances brought into a person's life, is that no impact (even the most nightmarish) is equal to suicide or its attempt. The seemingly most fatal impact is nothing if there are conditions conducive to leveling it. It is the mechanism that, when fully functioning, makes it possible to cope with any indelible shame, restrictions and defeats in rights, inhumane conditions and hardships. A detailed analysis of the achievements of the "positive" theories of suicidogenesis leads us to a disappointing conclusion: the models used mostly have a similar disadvantage: the absolutization of the role of any one or group of related factors without giving due importance to other variables, usually playing an equally important role. Modern suicidology has encountered a phenomenon that is the opposite of the "survivorship bias" described by Abraham Wald, who called for strengthening aircraft not those places where the returned aircraft had the most holes, but those that were not damaged. Suicidology is too keen on studying the causes of "no return", paying much less attention to factors that can interrupt the suicidal process that has begun or block its occurrence against the background of the unconditional impact of suicidal challenges (battered by the "pro et contra" battle, but successfully returned "planes"). It is the study of the "contra" factors that will allow us to see the psychotherapeutic and preventive horizons in a completely different way. The proposed decompensatory (negative) model of suicidal behavior is based on the following provisions: antivital experiences (aspirations) are noted to varying degrees in absolutely all people; most living people have a certain system that counteracts them, aimed at inactivating antivital sensations; it is the decompensation of the counter-suicidal system (CSS) or the initial deficiency of its blocks/units that make possible the realization of suicidal intentions. CSS works in a permanent mode, organizing pro-life development trajectories, meanings and values of existence, creating antitheses to suicidal challenges in the case of its presence, being an ever-present component of the mental apparatus. In conditions of an effectively and fully functioning CSS, suicidal effects do not have a fatal or even any serious effect. Factors that reduce the effectiveness of CSS (exo- and endo-components of decompensation) increase sensitivity to suicidal calls. Decompensation of the CSS in the most typical version precedes the impact, which eventually started a suicidal track. The main issue of suicidology is the discussion of what allows a person to continue living in the presence of antivital experiences, hundreds of reasons to resolve a certain situation or conflict through suicide. What exactly makes such a track impossible for a particular person and what is possible to enhance or transform in an individual who considers such a trajectory as quite acceptable.