Demographic processes in Krasnoyarsk in the second half of the 19th century

The paper examines the demographic processes that took place in Krasnoyarsk during the era of modernization. Despite the rapid growth of the urban population, the dynamics of this process in the post-reform period were unstable and contradictory. Intensive growth in the urban population was observed after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The increase in the number of Krasnoyarsk residents occurred mainly due to immigrants. The formation of the population influenced the gender and age structure of the population of Krasnoyarsk. The city was dominated by men of working age. The disproportion between the male and female population was noticeable, which had a direct impact on the marriage rate of the local population. During the period under review, a traditional type of reproduction of the urban population was observed. Periodically, the mortality rate exceeded the birth rate, which contributed to the natural population decline. High birth and death rates are an indicator of the traditional type of reproduction. The unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in cities had a direct impact on the demographic state and provoked a natural population decline. The lack of qualified medical care contributed to the aggravation of the epidemiological situation. In the provincial center, the mortality rate from infectious diseases was quite high. At the end of the 19th century there was a gradual decrease in the birth rate and mortality rate, and the transition from the traditional to the modern type of reproduction began. The population of Krasnoyarsk increased due to natural and mechanical growth. The process of population reproduction in the city was unstable. Stable natural population growth in the city began only in 1897. To a greater extent, the urban population increased due to the migration of peasants.