Demographic crisis in Russia: causes and possible ways to overcome

The article is devoted to the analysis of the demographic crisis in Russia, which is expressed in a steady natural decline in the population, an aging society and a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age. The topic is becoming the most relevant in connection with the problems of personnel shortage against the background of the demographic crisis. The purpose of this study is to identify the main causes of the demographic crisis in Russia and to develop possible ways to overcome it. The methodology of the research was an integrated approach, including logical and statistical methods of time series processing, comparative analysis, as well as a historical and demographic approach. As a result, the main factors contributing to depopulation have been identified, such as low fertility, high mortality, declining living standards, insufficient support for the institution of the family and low effectiveness of migration policy. Special attention is paid to the socio-economic, medical, social, environmental and cultural aspects of the demographic decline, as well as the impact of external factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Ways to overcome the demographic crisis are proposed, including improving social policy, supporting families with children, expanding preferential mortgage programs, developing reproductive technologies, stimulating migration, and fostering a positive attitude towards family and childbearing. The practical significance of the research is due to the possibility of using its results in the development of government programs to improve the demographic situation, as well as in academic discussions about the future of Russia in the context of demographic changes.