Childhood as potential for socio-demographic development of Russia

The article formulates the main directions of social policy, realization of which is today critically urgent from the point of demography, economy, and policy. The purpose is to ensure raising the children’s qualitative potential in the context of their number reduction. In this connection the primary task is improvement of their health state from the moment of birth, then comes education and, finally, socialization of the young generation, as the basis for elaboration of a systematic Programme of the state policy regarding children and youth. The problems of social reformation of modern society, transformation of socio-economic behaviour, moral values, quality of life, priority of psychosocial factors in formation of health require taking immediate multidisciplinary measures.