Differentiated application of fertilizers as an innovative approach in the system of precision farming

With the appearance of satellite navigation and powerful computers at agricultural enterprises there is the opportunity using fertilization to account for spatial heterogeneity of fertility of fields in Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to study the content of nitrate nitrogen in arable chernozyom when using the targeted application of fertilizers on the planned yield of spring wheat. The experiments were conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals on the field with strongly expressed in fertility of the spatial heterogeneity. The nitrate con-tent in the 0-40 cm layer before sowing of grain crops varied in the range of 7-20 mg/kg, the coeffi-cient of variation was 26 %. It was found out that making the average doses of fertilizers on the planned yield of 3.0 t/hectare of spring wheat grain increased the heterogeneity of the field of nitrates. This led to the formation of the harvest from 2.4 to 3.1 t/hectare within the same field. Differentiated application of fertilizers on the planned yield of 3.0 t/hectare in the "off line" reduces and supports throughout the growing season the uniformity of the field on the content of nitrate nitrogen. The coeffi-cient of spatial heterogeneity by the time of tilling decreased from 35 to 25 %, and the grain harvest reached a minimum value the experience of 9 %, which is consistent with minor variation. Further increase of doses of mineral fertilizers led to the emergence in the field of elementary sections with markedly different properties. It was established that for the calculation of doses of fertilizers when using differential fertilizer use data for nitrate nitro-gen is not enough.