DYNAMIC POLARIZATION-OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF ORDERED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AND NANOSYSTEMS (overview)

The instrumental features of transformation and registration of analytical signals in dynamic polarizing optical analysis are considered. The optimal experimental conditions are determined for studying the dynamics of weak polarization responses. A consistent statistical analysis of the polarization magneto-optical responses of magnetic nanofluids in a wide concentration range of three orders of magnitude is described. A quantitative grounding has been obtained for the adequacy of the physical models used and the analytical functions following from them, which describe the orientational ordering of magnetic nanoparticles in an external magnetic field. The detected variations in the prediction errors of diagnostic parameters indicate non-random features of the dynamics of polarization responses and related parameters (properties) of the studied magnetic nanofluids. Studies of non-resonant nanosystems are supplemented by a theoretical analysis of the dynamics of pulsed scattering of coherent light by atomic ensembles cooled to sub-Doppler temperatures. It is shown that the polarization and spectral composition of the secondary radiation of such ensembles undergo qualitative changes during the afterglow process. This opens up the prospect of developing new experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of various resonant ensembles of point scatterers. Described in this review theoretical and highly sensitive laser methods of quantitative polarizing optical analysis and the performed statistical analysis of the obtained data form the basis for high-precision polarizing optical nanodiagnostics (quantitative characterization) of ordered functional materials and nanosystems. The developed methods of polarization nanodiagnostics can be used to study materials, objects, and systems of different nature and composition, for example, metamaterials, biological fluids and tissues, etc.