Phenology of Ribes nfgrum L. varieties bred by the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Ural region

Black currant (RWes mgrum L.) is a valuable crop with nutritional, culinary, and medicinal properties. In the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), the local varietal assortment of R. mgrum includes varieties bred by the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture: ‘Belskaya’, ‘Bobrovaya’, ‘Valovaya’, ‘Iremel’, ‘Karaidel’, ‘Kushnarenkovskaya’, ‘Truzhenitca’, and ‘Estafet’a. This study presents results from phenological observations conducted from 2015 to 2023. The early onset of vegetation was noted in 2023 from April 1-5, while the latest onset occurred from April 24 to May 5 in 2018. Shoot growth in R. mgrum varieties typically begins in the first decade of May. Early flowering was recorded in late April (2016 and 2023), and late flowering occurred from May 2026 in 2018. Flowering duration ranges from 3 to 10 days. Berry ripening varied, with early ripening in 2023 (June 28 to July 8) and late ripening on August 9 in 2018. The phenophase duration averages 15-17 days. The period from flowering to full berry ripening averages 62-68 days. Leaf fall begins in late September and ends by mid to late October. The average growing season in RB is 188±4.2 days. Climate warming has been shown to affect the ripening periods of R. mgrum varieties. This research highlights the phenological adaptations of R. mgrum varieties bred by the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture under changing climate conditions in the Bashkir Pre-Ural region.