Phenology of steppe plants in Central Yakutia

The article presents the results of long-term phenological observations of 139 species of perennial plants typical for natural flora in Central Yakutia. The research was carried out in the Botanical garden of the North-Eastern Federal University, located in the vicinity of Yakutsk. The collection of the garden presents leading families of the Central Yakutia steppe flora in terms of the number of species; their introduction knowledge is high: Asteraceae make 58, Poaceae - 52, Fabaceae - 67, Rosaceae - 59, Caryophyllaceae - 46, Brassicaceae - 55, Lamiaceae - 73% of all steppe species of the family. Four groups were identified according to the start of vegetation period. According to flowering dates, all introducers are divided into spring (20% of species), early summer (48%), summer (27%) and late summer (5%) phenological groups of plants. The number of flowering species in the collection increases as the daily temperature rises up to +25°C. The period from regrowth to the beginning of flowering (intensity of development) lasts from 27 to 41 days for spring plants, 28-61 days for early summer plants, 54-73 days for summer plants, and 87-104 days for late summer plants. The greatest shifts in the starting dates of flowering are characteristic of summer and late summer plants. Steppe plants respond well to cultural conditions, 92% of introducers undergo a full cycle of shoot development, fructify annually, 86% increase their populations by seed or vegetative restocking. Late flowering species are less resistant.