Phenomenological analysis of museum environment based on materials of domestic and foreign museum experts

The author of this paper proposes to address the issue of the museum environment phenomenon. The most important element of meta-system of museum environment is a museum exhibition. After retrospective analysis based on the works of the Russian and foreign museum experts, the author comes to the conclusion on existence of invariant components of museum exposition: an exhibit, exposition space and an idea which is a basis for museum exposition or exhibition. The methods of exhibiting and aspects of the interrelation visitor-museum evolved under the influence of diversification of perception as a part of the cultural paradigm. The exposition examples of the museums of Russia and the countries of Europe give understanding of new tendencies characteristic for the museum environment. Special attention is paid to modern forms of the invariant components of the museum exhibition, the need is stated for their understanding at the present day stage of the museums development.