Philosophical-medical and theological perspectives of understanding the phenomenon of disease

The article explores hermeneutic approaches to defining the disease phenomenon in an interdisciplinary context. The author refers to modern philosophical and medical discourses, as well as to a systematic presentation of Christian theological reflection on the issue of disease and healing. In the philosophical and medical context, the main directions of the second half of the 20th century are presented (naturalistic and normativist theories, as well as their derivatives), which formed the ideological background for a general definition of the essence of the disease. Within this framework, the issue of the natural and personal component of the disease is problematized, and the axiological and social aspects are emphasized in different types of interpretation of this phenomenon. From a theological perspective, new aspects of the problem are highlighted, given in the light of the Christian understanding of man and his life teleology. The author briefly outlines the main types of interpretation of disease in dogmatic and partly exegetical aspects. Both traditional interpretations of the phenomenon and individual modern theological statements on this issue are presented. The presented positions in different fields of knowledge are compared and a conclusion is made about the need to interpret disease within the framework of a holistic anthropology.