FIP effect as an indicator of dynamical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary medium

This is a review of present-day observational and theoretical conceptions of FIP (first ionization potential) effect manifestations in different layers and structures of the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to corona and solar wind in interplanetary medium. FIP effect is considered as an excess of content of elements with low first ionization potential (10 eV). For FIP effect in different structures of solar atmosphere upper layers, the content of elements with low first ionization potential (10 eV). The matter of content of solar energetic particles related to solar flares and coronal mass ejections is considered separately. As concluded, Alfven waves (including possible transformation into other type waves) and processes of the magnetic field reconnection can play the primary role in FIP effect initiation. FIP effect manifestations at stars similar to the Sun in their characteristics are described briefly, as well as examples of inverse FIP effect occurrence at some stars. It is emphasized that FIP effect observational data can be used as a diagnostics of physical processes in solar and stellar coronae.