Phytosanitary monitoring of the most harmful winter rye diseases in the Republic of Tatarstan

The aim of the research was to study long-term dynamics of prevalence and development of the most harmful diseases of winter rye in Tatarstan Republic to clarify selection problems for resistance. The objects of the study were powdery mildew, brown rust, septoria, root rot, snow mold and ergot. During the years of observations, different and sometimes extremely meteorological conditions were formed, which affected the nature of the damage of varieties and selection material of winter rye. For the period 2001-2017 the species structure, frequency and level of development of diseases in selection, seed and production crops of winter rye in the Tatarstan Republic was analyzed. Annual manifestation of snow mold and root rot was revealed. Leaf diseases, as powdery mildew, brown rust, septoria were noted in 94 % of the years. Ergot appeared with the frequency of88.2 %. Over 17 years of phytosanitary monitoring, weighted average prevalence of powdery mildewwas 27.6 %, brown rust - 18 %, septoria - 30 %, snow mold - 19...