Physical and chemical profile of nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries

Growing global energy demand driven by economic progress and the pursuit of environmental sustainability requires the introduction of efficient and safe energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) occupy a leading position among modern advances, but their further development is constrained by a number of limitations, such as insufficient energy capacity, finite life, and working safety. One of the promising areas for solving these problems is the use of nanomaterials. The article discusses the physical and chemical aspects of using nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries. The study is relevant due to the growing need for efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage systems. Particular attention is paid to the influence of nanostructured materials on the key electrochemical characteristics of LIB, such as capacity, power, cyclic stability, and safety. We have described various types of nanomaterials used as anodes, cathodes and electrolytes with an emphasis on the correlation between their physical and chemical properties and battery output. The results obtained may contribute to the development of new highly efficient and durable lithium-ion batteries.