The physiological aspects of the supplementation of diets for broilers (Gallus gallus L.) with different vegetable oils

The full-diet compound feeds with balanced contents of all limiting macro- and micronutrients are the essential key to the high productive performance in broilers ( Gallus gallus L.). Fats are indispensable ingredients of animal diets necessary for energy supply and body structure, the source of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fat-soluble vitamins, and other bioactive compounds. This multi-functionality determines the physiological role of fats in nutrition. Vegetable oils (unlike animal one) contain a wide range of PUFAs playing an important biological role as a structural component of cell membranes. It is known that fatty acid profiles of individual vegetable oils do not fit the proportion of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids necessary for full support of the physiological requirements in human and animals. The optimization of the mixtures of different vegetable oils aimed at the improvement of fatty acid nutrition in human is at presented widely discussed; however, this aspect is often missed in the formulation of diets for poultry. In a previous study we presented the pioneer data on the correlation between the activities of the digestive enzymes in the intestine and blood in poultry was obtained. The aim of the study presented was the investigation of the effects of dietary lipid profile on the productive performance, digestibility of dietary nutrients, and biochemical blood indices in broilers. The trial was performed in 2019 in conditions of a vivarium on four treatments of broilers (cross Smena 8, 38 birds per treatment) from 1 to 35 days of age. The basal diets common for all treatments were supplemented with four different vegetable oils: sunflower oil (SFO, control treatment), soybean oil (SBO), flaxseed oil (FSO), and rapeseed oil (RSO) in doses 3.1 % of total diet from 1 to 21 days of age and 6.0 % from 22 to 35 days of age. The indices of the productive performance were recorded (live bodyweight weekly by individual weighing, mortality, average daily weight gains, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio FCR). At 30-35 days of age the balance trial was performed to determine the digestibility and retention rates of dietary nutrients; the biochemical blood indices and the activities of the digestive enzymes in pancreatic tissue were determined. The results evidenced that RSO significantly (p function show_eabstract() { $('#eabstract1').hide(); $('#eabstract2').show(); $('#eabstract_expand').hide(); }