Phonological approaches to study phoneme as a complex linguistic unit

In the paper, the main phonological theories in linguistics are considered. Selected texts on phonology dealing directly with the sound matter of the language make up the empirical basis of the research. The aim of the paper is to analyze the current concepts of the phoneme within commonly-accepted approaches. Research methodology includes linguistic description of the phoneme, typological method and comparative analysis of approaches to study the phoneme. Solving the comparison issues is important for shaping skills, on the one hand,