Formation of photosynthetic apparatus and yield of spring wheat under various pomace mixtures on dark gray forest soils in Trans-Ural region

The purpose of the researches conducted in FSBI of "RIA of Northern Zauralie" on dark gray forest soil consisted in definition of influence of us-ing pomace mixtures on the formation of photosyn-thetic device, productivity of spring wheat, power efficiency of its cultivation. In Tyumen Region in wheat cultivation the third culture after fallow in crop rotation (pure fallow, winter rye, spring wheat, barley) developed in time and space options of us-ing pomace mixtures prepared industrially with var-ious ratio of nutritious elements in them were stud-ied at the norm of introduction of 250 kg/hectare in physical weight. It was established that on the soil with low supply of an arable layer of mobile forms of nitrogen and phosphorus the application of solid mineral fertilizer mixtures with a ratio of the nutri-tious N29P10, N23P20, N17P20+S12 elements, and also N16P16K16 (200 kg) + N34 (50 kg/hectare) promoted the most intensive formation of photosynthetic de-vice of spring wheat with a daily average area of leaves of 19.04-25.70 thousand sq.m/hectare, i.e. 72-132 % higher, than without using fertilizers. The highest productivity of wheat was provided 2.94-3.38 t/hectare, i.e. 0.93-1.53 t/hectare or 50.3- 82.7 % higher, than without using fertilizers. The productivity received at the introduction of these pomace mixtures, despite energy costs of fertilizers (in general structure of costs of cultivation of wheat made 33-44 %), provided the highest rates of gross energy increment in a crop - 23.3-33.1 GJ /hectare or for 58-116 % above than in control group, the power coefficient - 2.07-2.50.