Formation of an elastic wave source in the housing of the spindle assembly due to a defect on the rolling road of the bearing external ring

In connection with the transition to the maintenance of technological equipment in actual condition, the control of developing defects during its operation is relevant. However, the assessment of the level of development of the defect is difficult due to the inaccessibility to the place of its formation without significant disassembly of the equipment. In this connection, the problem arises of assessing the level of development of a defect by the level of arising elastic waves propagating through the body parts. The article proposes a model for the formation of a vibrational signal in support of the rolling spindle of a metal cutting machine for a defect in the form of spalling on the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing. In the presence of a defect, the balance of elastic deformation forces is violated in the contact zone of the ball with the raceways of the outer and inner rings. As a result, the ball strikes the raceway of the outer ring. Estimating the effect of the impact by the recovery coefficient of speed, on the basis of the law of conservation of energy during impact, an expression is obtained for the kinetic energy, which transfers into the internal energy spent on deformation of the surface of the outer bearing ring. Assuming that the indicated kinetic energy completely transforms into the potential energy of elastic deformation of the surface layer, the amplitude of the elastic wave is determined depending on the ratio of the size of the defect.