Formation of international artificial intelligence governance regimes: key trends and main actors

Currently, international artificial intelligence (AI) governance regimes are taking shape. In this article, the author identifies key trends and characterizes the activities of the main actors of this process at the global, regional and bilateral levels. The existence of two approaches to AI governance is proved. At the global level, “soft law” norms are being created. However, an approach has emerged in Europe that involves the development of legally binding rules. It is emphasized that Western countries predominantly conduct activities on AI not under the auspices of the UN, but within less inclusive organizations, making global governance of the technology ineffective. It is also revealed that in the field of artificial intelligence regulation, states prefer to work in a multilateral format and there are no bilateral agreements. At the same time, despite the fact that most of the initiatives are being developed by existing organizations, there is a tendency to create new international bodies. In addition, it is revealed that various regional organizations have started to work on AI regulation, and this may lead to the formation of several international regimes and the fragmentation of AI global governance.