The scientific base of Russian nuclear safety of in first third XX

Article is devoted to a problem of development of scientific knowledge in the field of intratomic energy of radioactive elements in Russia. The period of first third XX century was the beginning of opening of intratomic energy and the phenomena accompanying it in physics. This time of development of scientific directions and schools in this area of researches, creations of the fundamental knowledge becoming since II half XX century a basis of russian nuclear safety.