Formation of approaches to the study of wealth and poverty in economic philosophy of the XVIII–XIX centuries

The article analyzes the main approaches to the study of poverty and wealth in classical political economy. The author notes that modern ideas about the causes, essence and manifestations of such social phenomena as wealth and poverty were laid down by philosophical and economic theories of the Modern era. In the 18th and 19th centuries, British economic philosophy represented a unique phenomenon in the history of human thought. In a relatively short time, Malthusianism, G. Spencer's social Darwinism, and J. S. Smith were born here. Mill anticipates the modern theory of the welfare state, also formulates the theory of rational economic behavior of the individual, the labor theory of value, generally comprehends the foundations of a new market system of economic relations for that time and develops the ideology of economic liberalism.