Formation of political and ideological bases of the subjects of the future civil war in Russia (second half of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries)

The bloody Civil War that began after the October Revolution of 1917 took a huge number of lives of Russian residents. In this tragic intrastate military conflict, the opposing sides are conditionally divided by historians into "Reds" and "Whites". The former were quite clearly defined supporters of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin, who sought to build a new state based on their political and ideological communist concept. The latter were supporters of the conservative movement, ideologically diverse (monarchists, democrats, etc.), but united by the common goal of overthrowing the "dictatorship of the Bolsheviks". The article examines the origins of the formation and features of the development of this political and ideological confrontation in Russia. It is noted that the roots of the distinction began to be identified as early as the 19th century, when, following the Decembrists, representatives of the Russian revolutionary movement began to justify the need for a path of development of Russian statehood other than the existing empire. However, at that time the authorities harshly suppressed this kind of dissent, public dialogue did not work out, and the political and ideological confrontation only deepened, became large-scale and eventually led to the Civil War.